Give Credit or Be Punished at the University Essay

There have been several occasions’ universities expelling students for plagiarism or heard it on the news media about individuals in court over stolen ideas or intellectual property; sister to plagiarism. The rules of plagiarism have changed over the years and have made it difficult for students to write an essay without treading on plagiarism’s rules. How can a student write an essay in his own words without worrying about being accused of plagiarism? I will discuss the â€Å"what†, â€Å"why†, â€Å"when† about plagiarism. Just as there are rules for society, there are rules for writers. What is plagiarism? According to University of Cincinnati Clermont College’s English 2089 textbook, â€Å"†¦plagiarism[s] tend to come down to taking another’s ideas†¦show more content†¦Of course the individuals would have to show authorship and originality. If the facts used in the individuals’ ideas are common knowledge, fact s available in a wide variety of sources or facts from your own research then no plagiaristic violation was committed. Rules are created when there is a need. How plagiarism did became a rule for writers? â€Å"When the Roman poet Martial accused a rival, Fidentinus, of stealing his verses, he called him a kidnapper -- in Latin, plagiarius. The term stuck (Lynch).† Over several years individuals have been known to steal words or ideas from other people. At one time it was considered appropriate to do that. It was acceptable to build on another’s work such as an apprentice to a master craftsman. To mimic work from another was expected. Anyone that would deviate from a master’s work would be considered â€Å"presumptuous enough to invent their own plots (Lynch).† Among some of the famous people that stole ideas from others were William Shakespeare and Benjamin Franklin to just name a few. So if it was expected, why now is it considered a social crime? Early 18th century, things started to change. The new â€Å"norm† was â€Å"originality† Copying from others started to be frowned upon. There were great expectations for new work and imitation or old ideas were out. With that said, â€Å"Good authors are original, bad authors copy, and copying is no better than sordid Theft. (Lynch). This was the beginning of the writers’Show MoreRelatedEssay about Plagiarism: Students Are Not To Blame932 Words   |  4 Pagessmall part in student plagiarism is because many teachers have students turn in or pick up papers by leaving them in a folder outside the teachers’ doors where anyone can get to them. Should all students who plagiarize be punished? How do we decide who gets punished? White states that â€Å"even though we must defend ourselves against burglars and muggers, however much we may sympathize with whatever caused their behavior, we are not really called on to excuse away their depredations† (202). LikewiseRead MoreA Feminist Report Of The Modern Society1160 Words   |  5 Pagesright to free speech and assembly, but equal protection under the law is a different story. No, I am not referring to the ability for men or women to be defended by the law, but rather how they are punished if they break a law. According to Sonja B. Starr, an assistant law professor at the University of Michigan, in her paper titled Estimating Gender Disparities in Federal Criminal Cases, she determined that there are â€Å"large gender gaps favoring women throughout the sentence length distribution (averagingRead MoreThe Conquistadors1677 Words   |  7 Pagesthis idea and clai ms the Smithsonian’s display of Columbus next to a rocket ship shows how important it was (Restall, 2). 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With three books written, she has established herself as anRead MorePlan for Suspect Interview Pe Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pagestelecommunications service without authorization; or (10) without the authorization of the credit card system member or its agent, knowingly and with intent to defraud causes or arranges for another person to present to the member or its agent, for payment, 1 or more evidences or records of transactions made by an access device; shall, if the offense affects interstate or foreign commerce, be punished as provided in subsection (c) Penalties.— (1) Generally.— The punishment for an offenseRead MorePolicy Process Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesPolicy Process CJA 580: Public Policy Issues University of Phoenix Dr. Matthew Geyer, Faculty May 15, 2010 Policy Process Society relies on the criminal justice system to maintain order within communities and to maintain a safe environment for community members. Society expects the criminal justice system to provide justice by separating the guilty from the innocent, to incapacitate dangerous individuals, to promote deterrence to law-breaking individuals, and to rehabilitate offenders.Read MoreThe Secret Lives of The Brain1377 Words   |  6 Pagesyou will tend to not want the ice cream anymore. The unconscious mind gives you things you want and is your pleasure piece, while the conscious mind is telling you things realistically that you should be doing. The conscious mind will be the final decision maker in the very end when it all comes down to it, Eagleman exclaims. †¨ David Eagleman explains that the conscious mind can be affected by many factors. Eagleman tries to give the example of our senses. People can alter certain smells or environmentsRead More Plagiarism Essay1249 Words   |  5 P ageschange ones future. From what I know, plagiarism can happen by careless mistakes, being uneducated of what plagiarism really means or just on purpose to save time for themselves. Some writers may not know the actual detail of how you give another writer full credit of their work. Another could be that some students are lazy, worried or in a rush to finish a paper and think plagiarizing is the best solution at that time for them. Mainly, I think this would happen in high school and colleges. StudentsRead MoreThe School That I Would Give Temple University Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesI have attended only three different schools before NECC. The school that I thought was by far the most dynamic and helped me retain information better was Temple University. I would give Temple University an A, because I was exposed to several different teaching styles, which made the classes much more memorable. I remember sitting in my Language in Society Class thinking â€Å"Why are we taking a group quiz? He might as well just hand out the A’s.† But it was much deeper than that. I had to learn howRead MorePlagiarism: a Social Problem1696 Words   |  7 PagesinternetÂ… enter term papers into the search engine, and find your way to www.al-termpaper.com. There, you scroll down past the big red disclaimer (All work offered is for research purposes only), find a paper that fits the assignment, enter your credit card number, and then wait until the file shows up in your email account. You feel a little ashamed, but, hey, the course is just a general requirement anyway. You put your name on the title page, print it out, and set the alarm for nine (Lathrop)

Vodafone Group Plc SWOT Analysis and Porters Five Forces Free Essays

Vodafone Group Public Limited Company is the world’s leading mobile telecommunications company operating in more than five continents. The company runs its operations from two geo-regions: Europe, which includes Western Europe andGermany, and EMAPA, which includes Middle East, Africa,Asiaand the pacific. The European market is the largest accounting for close to 80 percent of the revenues as of 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone Group Plc SWOT Analysis and Porters Five Forces or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the increasing partnerships with other mobile networks globally have seen revenues from regions outsideEuropeaccount for close to 40 percent as of 2011. The success story of Vodafone Group PLC revolves around the strategic competencies and acquisitions of other networks to become a powerful and leading mobile services provider. Strategic competencies and operations are well captured in the SWOT analysis, as well as the Porters five forces, which help give the position of the company and the challenges it encounters both within and without the organization. Introduction and background information Vodafone Group Public Limited Company is a global telecommunication company operating in various continents including Europe, Asia, Africa, Middle East, United Statesand the Pacific. Vodafone Group PLC has its headquarters in Newbury, United Kingdomand ranks among the leading global telecommunications providers. Listed on the London Stock Exchange, it is a part of the FTSE 100 Index with the largest revenue among the telecommunications companies. It ranks second behind China mobile in terms of worldwide subscribers, but leads the track in terms of revenues. Vodafone Group PLC ranks among the top 20 companies of the FTSE 100 Index coming in at position three based on statistics released on August 3 2012 (Financial Times, 2012). The company has equity interests in over thirty countries globally with approximately forty partner networks. Vodafone has achieved this place through a process of competent acquisitions of communication networks in different countries, powerful organizational ability and efficient techniques that have permitted it to build out Wi-Fi systems, which are extremely competitive. The company also provides effective data services, which subscribers can access using the extremely progressed third-generation (3G) communications systems available to its markets globally. This analysis will look into factors that have propelled Vodafone to its position, how it markets and promotes itself in the competitive telecommunications market, and the competition it experiences in the telecommunications industry (MarketLine, 2012, p. 7). The internal and external environment explained using the SWOT and Porters 5 forces analysis will help provide a better market picture for Vodafone Group PLC. Body Financial analysis A report by Mintel released in 2010 indicates that Vodafone is the fastest growing mobile company globally with over sixteen million new subscribers each month (Mobile Network Providers, Mintel, 2012). This explains its huge turnovers and revenues attributed to the ever-growing number of subscribers as well as wireless and wire line networks across the world. For instance, the yearly revenues increased from ?45.9 billion to ?46.9 billion in the first quarter of 2012 (Vodafone Annual Report, 2012). A general observation and analysis of the financial report released in the first quarter of 2012 indicates that the results are negative, probably due to the Euro zone crisis, but the bottom line is that the revenues, especially from EMAPA have kept increasing as summarized in the tables below. Source: http://www.vodafone.com/ Strengths Vodafone’s major strengths are the reason behind its success in the global telecoms market. These strengths include Diversified and expanded geo-regions across the world divided into two:Europeand EMAPA. The diversification has strengthened its mobile network operations in these regions and accorded it more subscribers A strapping international presence and powerful brand image have made it the leading telecommunications company. According to a Mintel report released in 2010, Vodafone is the most trusted service brand owing to its excellent signal strength and efficient services (MarketLine, 2012, p. 5) Vodafone has well-defined cost reductions structures owing to the vibrant cost cutting initiatives, effective outsourcing and managed purchasing. This has improved the company’s revenues by reducing the operational costs An excellent network infrastructure with innovative services including 3G network and Wi-Fi systems An established presence in mature and emerging markets such as Africa andAsia, which have expanded its market share and revenues Vodafone’s major weaknesses include Uncertainty in the profits obtained from the HSDPA networks attributed to the slow consumer take-up of improved 3G networks services Vodafone’s return on assets is negative, which means that its competitors such as Deutsche Telecom and BT Group surpass it due to underperformance Over-reliance in the European market, which has seen its revenues and share decline due to the crisis in Europe(MarketLine, 2012, p. 6) Vodafone does not have network operations in rural areas Vodafone specializes in mobile services that lead to greater churn rates. The incapacity to offer bundled services due to specializations has compelled the company to compromise its prices The growing demand for 3G networking among businesses globally has seen Vodafone collaborate with leading laptop manufacturers to embed its SIM chip to allow for up selling of the broadband service Vodafone has also diversified its market share and EMAPA remains the leading target because of its potential. Indeed, recent statistics indicate that revenues from EMAPA have improved (MarketLine, 2012, p. 6) The strategy to drive higher voice usage acrossEuropehas spread to other locations implying that the company does not have to reduce prices to increase call time since the monthly bundle provides customers with enough voice time The telecommunications market is swiftly growing and becoming highly competitive with extremely high penetration rates in the European markets. Its major competitors includeChinamobile, Deutsch Telecom and BT Group Frequent tariff interventions and European Union policies on cross border mobile usage put pressure on its revenues Vodafone lags behind its major competitors inAmerica Porter’s five forces Buyer power The bargaining power of buyers in the telecommunications industry is high due to the cutthroat competition and lack of differentiated products. The strong buyer power effectively reduces the cost prices in the industry though not to the level of its competitors. As such, Vodafone will keep making reasonable profits compared to its competitors. Supplier power Vodafone’s suppliers have a high bargaining power since the company operates with greater margins compared to its competitors. As a leader in the market, the market share is large meaning that it can easily absorb any price increments from the suppliers more than its competitors can. As such, Vodafone can easily maintain low prices from its suppliers and continue making profits (MarketLine, 2012, p. 9). Threat of substitutes Vodafone faces a considerable threat for products and services. The landline and CDMA services are fast declining while broadband services are fast becoming common. Video conferencing, VOPI such as Skype, Google Talk and Yahoo Messenger, email and social networking have emerged as substitutes to mobile services. However, due to the strong buyer power and effective economies of scale, Vodafone does not need to pass down the costs attributed to substitution to consumers (MarketLine, 2012, p. 8). Threat of entrants The threat of fresh market entrants is low because of barriers to entry. Companies wishing to enter the market must pay huge licensing fees coupled by spectrum availability and regulatory issues attached to the industry. Similarly, the costs of setting up network infrastructure are high, and the rapidly changing technology make is difficult for new entrants to cope. However, Vodafone can cope with this by maintaining high-level efficiency of its services to unrivaled heights. Industry rivalry Vodafone faces extremely high rivalry from its competitors due to the low call rate prices charged by its closest competitors. Similarly, the competitors constantly provide innovative products and services to the customers, which mean that Vodafone has to provide the same to its customers. Conclusion and Recommendations Vodafone has consistently outperformed its competitors despite the cutthroat competition in the industry. This notable performance and ability to diversify its products together with numerous acquisitions have seen it become a leading company in the industry. It financial position also continues to grow due to the innovativeness and ability to explore new markets in different geographical regions. Similarly, Vodafone has capitalized on its opportunities and worked on ways to eliminate the threats and improve on its weaknesses through various competitive strategies (MarketLine, 2012, p. 7). In recommending to Vodafone, the company must increase its GPRS subscriber base due to the high demand, deliberate more on value added services, introduce location-based services, diversify its broadband network by introducing voice over internet and finally tapping rural markets. References BBC, 2012. Vodafone agrees takeover of CW Worldwide, 24 March 2012, viewed 14 August 2012 Financial Times, 2012. Vodafone confirms talks with CWW. 14 February 2012, viewed 14 August 2012 Mobile Network Providers, 2012. Mintel. [Online] viewed 14 August 2012 MarketLine, 2012. Vodafone Group Public Limited Company, SWOT Analysis. Viewed 14 August 2012 Vodafone Group PLC, 2012, Vodafone Annual Report. 31 March 2012, viewed 14August 2012 How to cite Vodafone Group Plc SWOT Analysis and Porters Five Forces, Essay examples

Fighting Maternal and Child Malnutrition-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Select a Global Health problem of Interest to you and write a review and analysis of the health problem. Answer: Malnutrition is its different form is regarded as one of the most prominent global problem in todays scenario. It is estimated that more than 35% of death of the children who are less than 5 years old occurs as a result of malnutrition (1). The growth of a child is recognized internationally as an important determinant of public health. It is used for monitoring nutritional status and health parameter of the population. Children who are the victims of the growth retardationarising out of malnutrition mainly suffer from recurrent bacterial infections, which coincide with their poor diet plan. As a result they suffer from infectious disease like pneumonia, malaria and meningitis. Malnutrition is thus a global problem because it increases the outbreak of the infectious disease along with child mortality rates. Child malnutrition is also a driving force behind delayed mental development among the children, reduced intellectual capacity and below average school performance (2). According to the reports published by the WHO, at least 7.6 million children who are under 5-year of age, died in the year 2010 (3). Of these, 7.6 million, 4.879 million died out of infectious disease like pneumonia, malaria and diarrhoea. 3.072 million death occurred during the neonatal stage arising out of the preterm birth complications, neonatal sepsis and meningitis. The condition is more pronounced in countries like India, Pakistan, China, Nigeria and Republican of Congo. Apparently it seems that the death is arising out of the infectious disease however, the actual underlying reason behind this is, children are suffering from malnutrition which makes their immune system weak and less effective to combat against bacterial attack. Thus showing that the affect of malnutrition is affecting the health of the childrenand thereby increasing the rate of mortality rate (3). Malnutrition or under nutrition decreases the survival, development and growth rate among the children. Figure: Global Causes behind Childhood Deaths Source: 3 The condition like childhood malnutrition and maternal under nutrition are linked and includes a wide array of consequences like intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) that results in low birth weight (LBW), stunned growth or chronic restriction in growth. The malnutrition resulting from minerals and vitamins deficiencies in diet causes loss of weight and height. Many of the diseased conditions are associated with concomitant micronutrient deficiencies. Themicronutrients include Vitamin A, zinc, and iron and iodine deficiency. Apart from micronutrient deficiencies, undernutrition is also caused as a result of suboptimal breastfeeding. The condition is more significant during the first few years after the birth and thus further highlighting the need of proper nutrition during pregnancy and the association of maternal malnutrition with the childhood malnutrition. Conditions like stunned growth during early childhood, poor fatal growth during third trimester of pregnancy and severe wast ening are associated with the consequences of childhood malnutrition. At least 178 million children who are under 5 years of age suffer from stunned growth and the majority of these children reside in South-Central Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, 55 million children who are suffering from malnutrition are at a high risk of premature death. Children who are born malnourished as a result of IUGR are found incapable of completing their academic career with creditable records along with longer stay at schools. They also earn less after the attainment of the adulthood. They also have poor cognitive development and extremely poor economic potential. This legacy of lower income rate, poor health backup and poor access of adequate nutrition continues to affect the health and the mental stature of their upcoming generation and thus establishing a repetitive cycle of malnourishment (4). Malnutrition prevails in different countries of the world. Several factors are responsible for the promotion of malnutrition. The dominant environmental factors include agriculture, soil erosion, drought and flood. Apart from this, there are also other contributing factors behind malnutrition like cultural barrier, poverty, disease, hunger, illiteracy and other socio-economic problems.Domestic violence or more precisely, physical violence against women procured by their life partner is a serious public health concern and also regarded as the potential cause behind child malnutrition. Women from any nationality can become victims of the Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) regardless of their education degree, income, ethnicity and age (5). According to the reports published by the World Health Organization (WHO), at least 15 to 71% of the women population become victims of life-time sexual and physical violence. The principal negative consequence of IPV includes mortality and morbidity am ong women who are in their potent reproductive age.It also gives rise to gastrointestinal problems, gynaecological problems, post-traumatic stress and suicidal activity. These negative consequences of IPV upon women are extended and in turn affect the child health either directly and indirectly. Here indirect affect include withdrawals of the maternal caretaking activities. The women victims of the IPV suffer from psychological and physical problems and thus making them incapable of providing quality care to their children. Moreover, IPV causes unplanned or unintended pregnancy, affecting maternal caretaking behaviour. The direct consequences of IPV include, children who are directly experiencing psychological stress has certain mental blockage that negatively influence their health. IPV occurring directly against women, also make the children more susceptible of coming under the risk of physical maltreatment, leading to malnutrition (6). Studies that have been conducted using the n ationally representative samples showed that there lies an association between the lifetime physical exposureand abuse of sexual IPV and stunned growth among the children who are aged below 5 years in Kenya (7). Economic status and ill healthare inverselyproportional to each other (10). Poverty is another social determinant of childhood malnutrition. According to the World Food Summit, the majority of the people who are residing in the third world countries or the developing countries are residing below the poverty level. They do not have adequate access of food all the time and hence score low in nutritional quotient. This food insecurity has three different hierarchical levels including availability, access and utilization. The availability of food is often scored via proxies occurring at the level of population like national agricultural output. On the other hand, the utilization and access are measured on the parameters based on household and individual levels respectively. Here poverty arises as a result of the unemployment, low wages and lack of education. This food insecurity creates an unhealthy household environment, promoting childhood malnutrition. People who are residing under th e low socio-economic status are most vulnerable of getting affected with food insecurity. This is due to the fact that they lack the purchasing power which can be regarded as a principal determinant of ability-to-afford adequate source of nutritional food. The householdsfalling under the low economic backup, who fail to afford nutritious food or rather say adequate food for their daily living suffer from malnutrition and the condition is mostly prevalent among the children. This malnutrition in turn causes poverty as the malnourished individuals fail to secure good academic excellence and have poor physical strength to perform their best at their professional field. Thus, poverty and malnutrition among the children are mutually exclusive (8). The incidence of malnutrition is 2.7 times higher among the children of the families who reside under the belt of lower household wealth index. Alongside, rapid growth of the population and political commitment case an indirectaffect on childho od malnutrition (11). Figure: Food Insecurity in the Developing countries Source: 8 Inequalities in health or gender biasness are also important determinants of childhood malnutrition. Pronounced gender bias exists in the majority of the countries of South-Asia. The people residing in South Asian countries, with a special mention in India and Pakistan prefer sons to the daughters. This preference arises on the grounds of economic, religious and social stability of sons in comparison to that of daughters. This form of gender discrimination also affects the quality care among the children. Like the daughters are discriminated in the grounds of providence for adequate nutritious food, proper healthcare and education. This results in increased girl child mortality along with the increased reported cases of girl child malnutrition. The preference of sons is extended to such an extent that female fetus is aborted and this case is relevant even to female infanticide. The gender biasness is also reflected in the other basic clinical needs, like immunization and nutrition. T he male children are most likely to receive the minimal banner of nutrition and immunization in comparison to that of the female children. This lack of proper immunization increases the girl child mortality. Moreover, lack of immunization and its relation to mortality rate is further escalated to tenfold via the presence of malnutrition (9). Malnutrition is an overall burden over the childhood mortality and morbidity. It causes more than 20 million of children round the world to suffer from severe wasting. An untold number of students suffer kwashiorkor. Over the decades the basic control policies that were undertaken for the severe acute malnutrition was inpatient rehabilitation. This was assisted with fortified milk formulas. ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is recommended for the treatment of childhood malnutritionby international consensus guidelines. The RUTF is fortified spread in nature that consists of peanut paste, oil, milk powder and a micronutrient supplement. The therapy is applied under the outpatient settings for acute to severe malnutrition. As per double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trail, routine administration of amoxicillin and cefdinir to the out patients children suffering from severe malnutrition showed marked improvements in rate of recovery, mortality rate along with significant impro vements in weight gain and mid-upper circumference of the arms (12). Figure: Nutritional Recovery and Time of Death upon the application of Antibiotics Source: 12 Inspite of having a better outcome, atleast 10 to 15 % of the children from the selected focused group failed to recover from the ill-effects of malnutrition. Moreover, the condition of infectious disease arising out of the poor immune system among the malnourished children continued. The majority of the studies have shown that there is still a high prevalence of infections among the children who were hospitalized for severe malnutrition and this infection was clinically significant. This observation has led to the elucidation of the new treatment guidelines for malnutrition that recommends the routine antibiotic use for both in and out patient students. However, the outpatients students are less likely to have systemic infection in comparison to that of the patients who are admitted with severe malnutrition complication in the inpatient care. However, the contrasting reports suggest that the use of antibiotics among the malnourished children in order to control clinically acquired i nfection is not a solution for malnutrition and perhaps harmful for the children. This is because, unnecessary use of the antibiotics is associated side-effects along with the generation of antibiotic resistance. Moreover, treating malnourished children with RUTF is complex and costly (12). There is a strong sense of association between the maternal education and health of the children. The children who are born to educated mothers, suffer from less from malnutrition which is being manifested among the children in the form of underweight, stunned growth and muscle wasting. Research which is carried out under various settings in Jamaica, Bolivia and Kenya showed that the maternal education is associated with the nutritional outcome among their children (13). There are three prospective links via which maternal education can modulate the health of their children. The first link is the formal education of the mother that directly transfers the gained knowledge of health among the future mothers. Secondly, numeracy and literacy skills, which the women generally acquire during their school education refines their capability toidentifyillness and they seek proper treatment for their children. Additionally, the educated women are in a better position to read the medical instru ction procured by the doctors while nursing their children. Third, proper enlighten of basic education makes the women more receptive towards the modern medicines. Moreover, maternal education has a strong link with the socio-economic structure and children nutritional status. Educated women are more likely to lead a steady life whilegetting posted to higher paying jobs, getting married to established men with higher education with higher income and getting to live in better and hygienicneighbourhood. This has influence both on children mental and physical development. However, educated and established mothers are more likely to suffer from job related stress which gives rise to depression and this depression affects the health of the child leading to poor nutritional outcome. Moreover working mothers generally remains busy and stay away from home for long hours and thus get less time to care for their children. The same logic goes equally well with the father and this lack of care also causes nutritional deficiency among their children (13). Tackling malnutrition among the children is directly associated with the proper achievement of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 1 that deals with elimination of hunger and MDG (dealing with child mortality) and MDG 5 (reducing the rate of maternal mortality). The achievement of the majority of these goals in the domain of human development hinges upon the eradication of the childhood malnutrition. The importance of eradication is important because cast a significant impact on productivity, health and proper educational achievement. In spite to this, the African continent, government has either undermined or underestimated or provided a lukewarm attitude towards malnutrition. They showed less interest in investing money and time on malnutrition or ensuring alleviation of the process of malnutrition. Corruption that associated to each level of the governmental sectors is another driving force behind the childhood malnutrition. This corruption prevented the observance of the educat ional and awareness programs in the urban areas alongwith adequate supply of the food to the people who are living below the poverty level. Moreover, the misuse of the government aided funds hasgenerated division among the people and the political wars has caused wastage of money and increased mortality rate among the human race that have increased the consequences of malnutrition. Over the last few decades,the policies framed by the government at the institutional level have neglected the rural and agricultural development. Policies that was planned to reduce close budget gaps like theadjustment programshave ceased huge human development deficits especially among the poor. The first attempt that was made to address the problem of malnutrition among the children was done via "Freedom from Hunger Campaign" which was initiated by the FAO and other developmental agencies. The campaign was aimed to indulge the authorities of the developing countries in examining the reasons of malnutrition and food crisis along with elucidating sustainable solutions. However, such a novel and worthy intention was not been fulfilled in all parts of the world adequatelyafter six decades. Lagos Plan of Action (1980 to 1985) and Regional Food Plan for Africa (1978 to 1990), the neonatal attempt of the government to handle the food security situation on the continent, failed due to gaps in the financial funding and organizational structures. However, African Government has committed to uplift the public expenditure on agricultural needs towards the dawn of the new millennium. This was done via signing the Maputo Declaration on Agriculture and Food Security in the year 2003.This remains as myth rather than transforming into reality. The trend continues ascertaining miserable days with respect to hunger and malnutrition in the majority of the areas in the continent (14). The concerned government failed to ascertain the fight against malnutrition as a priorityas they have not critically measured the weightage of malnutrition. Improving governmental policies for the upliftment of the political will and optimal application of community-adapted strategies in tackling the issues of childhood malnutrition is fundamental. Childhood malnutrition should not only be identified as a public health issue but be given prominence as fundamental human rights especially for the children to eat. Initiating life with a disadvantaged condition, filled with adverse consequences of malnutrition (like mental retardation, ill health, morbidity and mortality) is neglected but cast a prominent in the overall development of the population. The fight against corruption is the only way to cease this problem effectively. Other approaches include:Application of advanced grade agricultural techniques in order to increase the amount of food production. It will help to fight against malnutrition. Provision or the subsidization of the ministries in the domain of agriculture is also required to deliver quality fertilizers, framing genetica lly modified food, which are capable of growing under adverse weather conditions and promotion of the overall improvement of yield. Apart from agriculture, improvement of the transport system, is also required, which will provide adequate access to the locals to trade local food products in order to raise the incomes of the families, especially important for the group of population who reside below the poverty line. Observance of the baseline surveys are also important to ascertain the prevailing socio-cultural peculiarities exiting among separatecommunity during the proper implementation of the practical program. Such observations are vital and will help in the avoidance of the vertical programs. The ministry of environmental health of the all the countries must indulge in awareness programs in order to safe guard the degrading condition of the surrounding environment. Sustainable and feasible irrigation programs must be rapidly scaled up. This should be done in the areas, which ar e majorly affected by drought. In the developing countries the solution of the problems associated with malnutrition encompasses a multi-sectoral approach with must contain well defined and proper achievable goals. The ministries of education, health, agriculture, environment, universities and the research organisations including both governmental and non-governmental or international must work together in sync for tangible outcomes (14). Future research involving the proper acceptability of the modern agricultural technologies, latest farming techniques and genetically modified foods should be strictly undertaken. The socio-cultural peculiarities of the milieu are the basic rulethat needs to be understood. Implementing some of the health promotion programs might sound complex and unproductive as they are vertical and culturally in adapted but effort must be taken to resolve the same. Implication of the proper community representatives in the programs from the initial planning stage can be cited as the principal determinants of the ownership, sustainability and acceptability of the program. References: Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, Perin J, Scott S, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Campbell H, Cibulskis R, Li M, Mathers C. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. The Lancet. 2012 Jun 15;379(9832):2151-61. Acosta AM, Fanzo J. Fighting maternal and child malnutrition: analysing the political and institutional determinants of delivering a national multisectoral response in six countries. A synthesis paper. Report prepared for DFID. Sussex, UK: Institute of Development Studies. 2012 Apr. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000 Bhutta ZA, Salam RA. Global nutrition epidemiology and trends. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2012;61(Suppl. 1):19-27. Flury M, Nyberg E, Riecher-Rossler A. Domestic violence against women: definitions, epidemiology, risk factors and consequences. Swiss Med Wkly. 2010 Sep 2;140(6). Ziaei S, Naved RT, Ekstrm EC. Women's exposure to intimate partner violence and child malnutrition: findings from demographic and health surveys in Bangladesh. Maternal child nutrition. 2014 Jul 1;10(3):347-59. Rico E, Fenn B, Abramsky T, Watts C. Associations between maternal experiences of intimate partner violence and child nutrition and mortality: findings from Demographic and Health Surveys in Egypt, Honduras, Kenya, Malawi and Rwanda. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health. 2011 Apr 1;65(4):360-7. Psaki S, Bhutta ZA, Ahmed T, Ahmed S, Bessong P, Islam M, John S, Kosek M, Lima A, Nesamvuni C, Shrestha P. Household food access and child malnutrition: results from the eight-country MAL-ED study. Population health metrics. 2012 Dec 13;10(1):24. Singh A. Gender based within-household inequality in childhood immunization in India: changes over time and across regions. PloS one. 2012 Apr 11;7(4):e35045. Chalasani S. Understanding wealth-based inequalities in child health in India: a decomposition approach. Social Science Medicine. 2012 Dec 31;75(12):2160-9. Sahu SK, Kumar SG, Bhat BV, Premarajan KC, Sarkar S, Roy G, Joseph N. Malnutrition among under-five children in India and strategies for control. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine. 2015 Jan;6(1):18. Trehan I, Goldbach HS, LaGrone LN, Meuli GJ, Wang RJ, Maleta KM, Manary MJ. Antibiotics as part of the management of severe acute malnutrition. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013 Jan 31;368(5):425-35. Abuya BA, Ciera J, Kimani-Murage E. Effect of mothers education on childs nutritional status in the slums of Nairobi. BMC pediatrics. 2012 Jun 21;12(1):80. Bain LE, Awah PK, Geraldine N, Kindong NP, Siga Y, Bernard N, Tanjeko AT. Malnutrition in SubSaharan Africa: burden, causes and prospects.Pan African Medical Journal. 2013;15(1).

Nectar In A Sieve Essays - Plant Physiology, Pollination

Nectar In A Sieve [emailprotected] Nectar In A Sieve In the novel, Nectar In A Sieve, by Kamala Markandaya the protagonist Rukmani and her family lived in a remote rural village in India, which is largely poverty-stricken at that time. They live each day in fear of not having a meal on the table and a roof over their head, which is induced abject poverty caused by nature and economics. Even though Eastern culture is not as modern as Western culture, they both still have a lot of similarities and differences too. The differences between the two cultures are assistance and change. However both cultures had one thing in common, Celebrations. In modern day America people at least try to ask for help if needed, but in the place described in Nectar In A Sieve they dont even try. They suffer and die, but never asked for help. When Rukmani and her family had a terrible time with the bad season for farming and lack of food, they didnt tried to do anything to solve their problem. Instead they just thought times will be better soon even though they cant be, Times will not be better for many months. Meanwhile you will suffer and die, you meek suffering fools. Why cant you people cry out for help (Markandaya, Nectar In A Sieve, pg. 48) No matter how many times Kenny told them to beg for help but still they never listened. Most people in India starved and died, while people in modern America tried to solve their problem with out giving up. Like making strikes and so many other things. In Nectar In A Sieve, they dont want change to took place in their society, but in modern day America most people do want changes to take place. People described in Nectar In A Sieve dont want their place to be developed. In the book when they knew about establishment of tannery, they didnt like the idea at all, Now it is all noise and crowds everywhere, and rude young hooligans idling in the streets and dirty bazaars and uncouth behavior(Markandaya, Nectar In A Sieve, pg. 50) They dont like because it brought rude people, noise, dirt etc. They just wanted the peace and calm society they always had. While people in modern day America people always want changes to take place. They want more and more advanced technologies like Computers, Televisions, CD Players etc. They want more developed places. So some people dont like change and some people do because of their own different points. The most common thing between these two societies is celebration. They both have their own festivals to celebrate to have fun and more importantly to be thankful for that special day. People like in Nectar In A Sieve celebrate a festival called Deepavali, a festival they celebrate on the day when their god, Lord Krishna, defeated evil Naracasudu in one of the longest battle. Thats why they celebrate it with fireworks to show that they were free from evil. In the book Rukmani and her family celebrated it for the first time and she wanted her children to have a great time when she said, Deepavali comes once a year and this is the first time we have bought fireworks. Do not lose the opportunity. She knew how important Deepavali really is, so she wanted her children to have a great time on the day that comes only once a year. Also in modern day America people celebrate 4th of July. They were thankful because of the freedom they got from British on that special with fireworks. So both fe stivals are slightly different, but same in the main theme which is freedom. They both have differences and similarities, but they are happy with where they are due to their own reasons. Place described In Nectar In A Sieve dont have as many factories and more developed places like we have over here. But they do have peace and calm places that we rarely Jagarlamudi 3 have in here.

Free Essays on The End Justifies The Means

The End Justifies the Means In Homer’s The Iliad, various male roles exhibit heroic characteristics complying with the heroic code. Their endeavors to achieve honor in battle, exuding god-like attributes, yet beyond their heroism exterior, do they possess a humanness aspect as well. Two characters that exemplified these qualities are Achilles, defender of the Greeks, and Hector, defender of the Trojans. Both characters have their distinct approaches in corresponding to the conformities of being a hero. However, a very controversial question comes to mind; between Achilles and Hector, who is the true epic hero of Iliad? This question has been long debated upon due to the behavior and actions that Hector and Achilles, both display in certain events. Some critics considered Achilles as being the true hero of Iliad, because of the cowardice that Hector displayed when he confronted Achilles. However, Achilles had his cons when his behavior was equivalent to that of savage beast, where he desecrates the corpse of Hector in Book Twenty-Two and abandons the war when he was needed the most in Book One. So how does one weigh in choosing the greater hero know this? One will come to realize that though a person may demonstrate unruly behavior in the beginning, he can still recognize at the end his flaws and use his human emotions in proportion with the heroic code to become the true epic hero of Iliad. This is what Achilles did and that is why he is deemed as the true epic hero of Homer’s, The Iliad. As Machiavelli once said, â€Å"The end justifies the means.† From Book One until Book Eighteen of the Iliad, the reader may believe that Hector is the true hero, because of his love for his family and allegiance in defending Troy. Even though he is aware of the tragic fate that will befall his beloved city. He still pursues with the war. In the passage below, he is talking with his wife, Andromakhe as to why he must continue on with the fight; t... Free Essays on The End Justifies The Means Free Essays on The End Justifies The Means The End Justifies the Means In Homer’s The Iliad, various male roles exhibit heroic characteristics complying with the heroic code. Their endeavors to achieve honor in battle, exuding god-like attributes, yet beyond their heroism exterior, do they possess a humanness aspect as well. Two characters that exemplified these qualities are Achilles, defender of the Greeks, and Hector, defender of the Trojans. Both characters have their distinct approaches in corresponding to the conformities of being a hero. However, a very controversial question comes to mind; between Achilles and Hector, who is the true epic hero of Iliad? This question has been long debated upon due to the behavior and actions that Hector and Achilles, both display in certain events. Some critics considered Achilles as being the true hero of Iliad, because of the cowardice that Hector displayed when he confronted Achilles. However, Achilles had his cons when his behavior was equivalent to that of savage beast, where he desecrates the corpse of Hector in Book Twenty-Two and abandons the war when he was needed the most in Book One. So how does one weigh in choosing the greater hero know this? One will come to realize that though a person may demonstrate unruly behavior in the beginning, he can still recognize at the end his flaws and use his human emotions in proportion with the heroic code to become the true epic hero of Iliad. This is what Achilles did and that is why he is deemed as the true epic hero of Homer’s, The Iliad. As Machiavelli once said, â€Å"The end justifies the means.† From Book One until Book Eighteen of the Iliad, the reader may believe that Hector is the true hero, because of his love for his family and allegiance in defending Troy. Even though he is aware of the tragic fate that will befall his beloved city. He still pursues with the war. In the passage below, he is talking with his wife, Andromakhe as to why he must continue on with the fight; t...

A Day in the Life of a STEM Major

For a high school student who hasn’t experienced life on a college campus, it’s hard to know exactly what to expect. How busy will you be on a daily basis? How much time will there be for extracurricular clubs or socializing? And how many hours can you expect to spend in the library? It’s hard to foresee exactly what your daily life will look like, and that can be an intimidating uncertainty. There are many factors not yet determined that will affect your routine. What college you ultimately attend, what major you pursue, and which extracurriculars you choose to participate in will all play integral roles in your day-to-day routine.   If you’re considering a STEM major, you might have heard that there’s a lot of work ahead of you. Indeed, STEM courses are known as time-consuming and intensive. Will it be overwhelming? Will you still have time for the other commitments that are important in your life? A little bit of insight can go a long way, and here at we have a team of experts who have been in your shoes. Read through our breakdown of a STEM major’s daily life, and then check out our Mentor Program . You’ll have access to the insights of peer mentors who have been through a competitive STEM program and are ready to share with you all the ins and outs of life on the STEM path. STEM is an acronym for science, technology, engineering, and math, and it encompasses some of the quickest growing career industries. In 2010, there were estimated to be 7.6 million STEM workers in the United States, accounting for about 1 in 18 workers. STEM occupations were projected to grow by 17% from 2008 to 2018, compared to a projected 9.8% growth for non-STEM occupations. STEM workers also earn more than their non-STEM counterparts—26% more on average. Furthermore, STEM degree holders continue to earn more regardless of whether they work in STEM or non-STEM occupations. STEM careers also tend to require higher levels of education, with more than two-thirds of STEM workers holding a college degree, compared to less than one-third of non-STEM workers.       While it’s clear that a degree in STEM will serve you well, it’s also known that it won’t be easy. A 2014 study by the National Center for Education Statistics revealed that nearly half of all college students who pursue STEM degrees leave the field or drop out. While this attrition rate is roughly the same as other fields, it is being targeted for improvement by colleges, based on the steep rate of job growth demanded by the STEM industry. Basically, in order to meet the growing demand, colleges need to graduate more STEM majors. In response to this quickly increasing demand, more and more colleges and universities are identifying risk factors for leaving STEM fields and implementing support systems to help STEM majors stay on track. Students are more likely to drop out of a STEM program if they take lighter credit loads in STEM courses in the first year, take less challenging math courses in the first year, or perform more poorly in STEM classes than non-STEM classes. To support these students, many colleges and universities are providing increased office hours and tutoring sessions during entry-level STEM classes. With such a quickly growing industry, it’s important that students interested in pursuing STEM are supported as much as possible.       Like any degree, pursuing a STEM degree is a significant commitment. In fact, many sources point to it being a more rigorous and time-intensive commitment than other majors. There are many factors that will weigh into how busy you are as a STEM major. Here are the biggest ones: In order to be considered a full-time student at most colleges and universities, you will need to take at least 12 credit hours each semester. This means spending 12 hours in class on a weekly basis. While this is the minimum course load to be considered full-time, most students need to take 15 credit hours to be on track to graduate in four years. The course load is impacted by required coursework. Each major has specific course requirements and students who are considering graduate school or med school will have even more courses to consider in order to qualify for these postgraduate programs. Furthermore, many colleges and universities have specific graduation requirements that include broader coursework than that prescribed by a single major. These requirements are intended to expose students to a variety of content areas and produce more well-rounded graduates. If you’re considering a STEM major, it’s important to realize that it’s not uncommon to be required to take classes in other disciplines as well. Sometimes, students who are enrolled in STEM majors will select classes widely perceived as â€Å"easy† in order to fulfill non-STEM requirements. This makes sense due to the often more intensive time commitment required in STEM courses. There are usually many interesting choices to fill course requirements in the humanities or social sciences, and these classes don’t necessarily have to take time away from your STEM studies. Our Early Advising Program helps students in 9th and 10th grade discover their passions and build strong academic and extracurricular profiles to succeed in high school. STEM majors put in a lot of work outside of their regular class hours. If you’re considering a STEM major, you can plan on spending about 20 hours studying each week, according to a 2011 study by the National Survey of Student Engagement . Furthermore, these study hours do not include any time that you might spend attending your professor’s office hours or even discussing your coursework amongst friends, both of which are regular occurrences for STEM majors. Many college students hold jobs in addition to their coursework. These jobs are sometimes required through work-study programs or are financially necessary. In 2011, 71 percent of the nation’s 19.7 million college undergrads held jobs. Of that number, one in five students worked at least 35 hours per week. More commonly, though, students work 10-15 hours in the average week. Students in STEM fields might be able to find a paid research position through their school to fulfill their work requirements, but if this isn’t the case, sometimes STEM majors volunteer as research assistants or interns. In other cases, students might be able to receive course credit for their research. Extracurriculars are a valuable component of any college education and have been associated with a positive impact on the academic experience of students ranging in age from middle school to undergrads. On average, undergraduate engineering majors spend about the same amount of time on extracurriculars as students in other majors. This averages about eight hours per week and includes things like sports, clubs, and student government or volunteer associations. As you can see, there are a number of factors that influence how busy you will be as a STEM major. Although no two student experiences are exactly alike, using the studies and statistics available, it’s easy to get a picture of what the average STEM student can expect in college. Keeping all of this in mind, here is what you can expect on an average day as a STEM major: 8:00 AM: Wake Up! You have a full day ahead of you and you’ll need to grab a quick bite of breakfast before you get started. Take a quick shower and get moving. 8:30 AM: Head to the dining hall or a local cafe to grab some coffee and a bite to eat on your way to your first class. 9:00 AM: Your first class of the day begins. Maybe it’s organic chemistry or calculus II. Either way, don’t forget your notebook! 10:30 AM: You’re done with your first class of the day. Time to squeeze in some studying and maybe pick up another coffee. 12:00 PM: With a solid hour plus of studying under your belt, now is time to grab some lunch before your afternoon classes begin. 1:00 PM: Class again. Maybe this time it’s a lab or a school-required humanities class. 2:30 PM: You’re done with classes for the day! Before you rush out though, you might stop in for office hours to ask some questions or get a little guidance on your newest problem set. 3:00 PM: After you hit office hours, it’s time to rush to soccer practice. Don’t be late! 5:00 PM: Practice is done, have a quick shower and squeeze in some study time before dinner. 6:30 PM: You have a little time to get dinner before you go to work. 7:00 PM:   Work. Maybe you’re in the lab with a professor, or maybe you’re serving coffee at the campus cafe. Either way, it’s money in your pocket. 9:00 PM: Your shift is over, phew! Maybe you can squeeze in a little more study time. 10:00 PM: Have you finished your homework? If so, now you get some time to catch up with friends, relax, and get ready for the day ahead. 11:00 PM: Hit the sack! You’ve got to do it all again tomorrow. This day sounds busy, but if you break it down, it’s actually pretty well-rounded. You’ve spent three hours in class. You’ve studied or done homework for three or four hours, worked for two hours, and gone to soccer practice. You had some time to enjoy meals with friends, touch base with a professor during office hours, and even hang out and socialize a little before bed. Does it sound busy? Sure! Does it sound impossible? No way! Of course, no matter what major you pursue, there will be some days that do seem impossibly busy, while others will seem luxuriously slow. Life as a STEM major might be busier than the average college student’s life, but it isn’t crazily so. If you’re genuinely interested in STEM industries and you’re willing to invest some time and energy into getting yourself there, you may ultimately be rewarded with job security and a solid paycheck. If you’re interested in hearing more about life as a STEM major, don’t forget to contact ’s Mentoring Program , which provides practical advice on topics from high school activities and college applications to career aspirations, all from successful college students who have been in your shoes.

Alternative Fuel Vehicles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alternative Fuel Vehicles - Essay Example Later, with the invention of compression ignition engine (commonly called Diesel Engine), light fuel oil, obtained from fractional distillation of crude oil, became a source of energy for urban transport vehicle. Today most of the cars run on these two above mentioned fuels courtesy their high energy contents and easy availability. Before moving into the details of alternative fuels available today, we briefly discuss the reasons, which led the automotive industries and governments to discourage conventional fuels and invest in alternative technologies. The main factor that triggered governments’ interest in alternative fuel research was the oil crisis of 1973 and 1979 which was followed by a steep rise in oil prices. Moreover, the increase in green house gases (GHG) emission and other environment concerns have caused the governments to discourage use of conventional fuels and promote the use of alternative fuels with no or very low GHG emission. Scientists and researchers have worked on different cost effective and environment friendly alternatives of gasoline and diesel oil that can be used in commercial vehicles efficiently. The most popular of them being ethanol and other bio-fuels, natural gas, propane or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), hydrogen, batteries (electrical energy) and compressed air. These are discussed in the following paragraphs. The most popular of alternative fuels are the bio fuels and among them, ethanol. First vehicle to run on ethanol was Ford Model T in 1908. The recent developments in the technology to use ethanol as alternative fuel started in 1970s due to the oil price hike. Ethanol is mostly used as a blend with gasoline. Special engines called flexible fuel engines are developed to use these blended fuels. These vehicles can run on fuels having 10%, 15% or up to 85% by volume ethanol concentration (called E10, E15, E85 respectively). Use of blended fuels decreases green house gas emissions

Islamic Culture (week 9) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Islamic Culture (week 9) - Essay Example By following this etiquette of differing the Muslim society can maintain the characteristics of love and brotherhood between Muslims (Al-Hashmi, 2007). It is easy for the people to control themselves during the situation of agreement and behave in proper manner. However, when people enter into any kind of disagreement it gets difficult for them to behave in appropriate manner. In order to justify their argument and point of view people indulge in unethical way of arguing which at times also leads to fighting. It is acceptable to have a different opinions regarding any specific topic or matter. The acceptable disagreements allow the people to get hold of different viewpoints with strong evidence and increase their knowledge. However, there are some etiquette of differing in the Muslim society which should be followed by the Muslims. Some of these etiquettes are as follow (Al-Hashmi, 2007): Muslims should use appropriate and good words while arguing and debating with other people and should avoid the use of harsh words, as mentioned in Holy Quran: ‘And Speak good to the people’. [Soorah al-Baqarah 2:83] The purpose of discussion should be to get clarification and to identify truth. The reason behind the discussion or differing opinion should not be for the purpose of satisfying ego or for feeling proud. Lastly, the parties and people involved in debate or discussion should respect the opinion of other people and if no agreement or mutual result is achieved the debate should be ended on positive notes (Baianonie, 1998). Islam has provided the concept of harmony, peace, love, and brotherhood between the Muslims and whole mankind. The concept of brotherhood and harmony among the Muslims is an important element in Islam and huge emphasis have been placed on it from the very start. It is important and essential to maintain the characteristics of love and brotherhood between Muslims because it

The Comparison of George Moore and James Joyce Essay Example for Free

The Comparison of George Moore and James Joyce Essay Ireland is best known for its unique culture, the accent, the green beer, and the music. But it is also known for its diverse literature and writers. Over the years there have been many different writers with their own sense of styles and their personal views of Ireland. There are many writers, such as James Joyce, Roddy Doyle, Edna O’Brien, George Moore, and Frank O’Conner who all came from different places in Ireland or even moved out of Ireland. James Joyce and George Moore are two good examples of the diverse authors. Surprisingly, there are a few things these two writers had in common, yet their writing styles were different. Despite the different styles of writing depicted by each author and their different backgrounds, George Moore did have an impact on James Joyce’s writing. James Joyce was born in Dublin, on February 2, 1882, to John Stanislaus Joyce. His father was an impoverished gentleman, who had failed in a distillery business and tried all kinds of professions, including politics and tax collecting. Joyces mother, Mary Jane Murray, was ten years younger than her husband. She was an accomplished pianist, whose life was dominated by the Roman Catholic Church. In spite of their poverty, the family struggled to maintain a solid middle-class facade. From the age of six, Joyce was educated by Jesuits at Clongowes Wood College, at Clane, and then at Belvedere College in Dublin (1893-97). In 1898 he entered the University College, Dublin. Joyces first publication was an essay on Ibsens play â€Å"When We Dead Awaken†. It appeared in the Fortnightly Review in 1900. At this time he also began writing lyric poems. After graduation in 1902 the twenty-year-old Joyce went to Paris, where he worked as a journalist, teacher and in other occupations under d ifficult financial conditions. He spent a year in France but returned when a telegram arrived saying his mother was dying. Not long after her death, Joyce was traveling again. He left Dublin in 1904 with Nora Barnacle, a chambermaid who he married in 1931. Two of Joyce’s major works, â€Å"Ulysses†, written in 1922, and â€Å"Finnegan’s Wake†, written in 1939, are noted for the experimental language used in them. Joyce’s technical innovations in his novels include the use of interior monologue and the technique of the stream of the consciousness. He used a complex network of symbolic parallels drawn from the mythology, history, and literature, and created a unique language of invented words, puns, and allusions. â€Å"Ulysses† has many good examples of this form of writing. â€Å"We are praying now for the repose of his soul. Hoping youre well and not in hell. Nice change of air. Out of the frying pan of life into the fire of purgatory.† (Joyce 334.) â€Å"Dubliners†, another major work for Joyce is composed of 15 stories including â€Å"The Dead†. This short story shows Joyce’s technique of using a stream of consciousness in his writing. â€Å"Yes, the newspapers were right: snow was general all over Ireland. It was falling on every part of the dark central plain, on the treeless hills, falling softly upon the Bog of Allen and, farther westward, softly falling into the dark mutinous Shannon waves. It was falling, too, upon every part of the lonely churchyard on the hill where Michael Furey lay buried.† (Joyce 224.) In this image, Gabriel contemplates his mortality, and how his living experience intersects with death and the dead. Snow is falling everywhere in Ireland and in Gabriel’s life. This quote shows how Joyce technique of reproducing the chaotic manner of the world and how our minds blend themselves with the ideas and memories of our lives with unstoppable thought. This can also be seen in the last chapter of â€Å"Ulysses†, which is a soliloquy of Molly Bloom thinking about her day and her life as she lies in bed. Joyce used puns, parodies, and allusions in his works. James Joyce’s past was definitely an influence in his writing. It is interesting to see that George Moore was also a major influence in his writing as well, despite some differences in their backgrounds. George Augustus Moore was an Irish novelist, short-story writer, poet, art critic, memoirist and dramatist. Moore came from a Roman Catholic landed family. He originally wanted to be a painter, and studied art in Paris during the 1870s. There, he befriended many of the leading French artists and writers of the day. George Moore uses a naturalistic style in his writing. Naturalism, in literature, is an approach that proceeds from an analysis of reality in terms of natural forces. Unlike realism that focuses on technique, naturalism implies a philosophical position. It focuses on a characters instinct, passion, and the ways in which their lives are governed by forces of heredity and environment. As a naturalistic writer, he was one of the first English language authors to really be influenced by the ideas of the French realists, and was particularly influenced by the works of Émile Zola. According to the literary critic and biographer Richard Ellmann, his writings influenced James Joyce, and, although Moores work is sometimes seen as outside the mainstream of both Irish and British literature, he is often regarded as the first great modern Irish novelist. Moore’s stories incorporate loneliness, human weakness, the repressive effects of the Catholic Church on its people, and the implications of emigration, especially to the United States. In Homesickness James Bryden returns to Ireland from America and is dismayed at the tyrannical manner in which the local priest treats his parishioners. He gratefully returns to America and eventually marries there. However, in his old age, he becomes homesick for Ireland. â€Å"There is an unchanging, silent life within every man that none knows but himself, and his unchanging silent life was his memory of Margaret Dirken.† (Moore 59.) In the last paragraph of â€Å"Homesickness†, it is easy to see that James Bryden was homesick for America. He chose to live in the hustle and bustle of New York to escape Irish rural life. There is also a sense of naturalism in this story as well. Bryden is driven by instinct and his own human nature. He is trying to find an environment in which he feels most at home. â€Å"Homesickness†, in a way, reflects Moore’s life. He moved away to Paris; to the hustle and bustle of a big city and away from the rural Irish life. James Joyce and George Moore have different writing styles. But Joyce was influenced by Moore. With having such different backgrounds and different lifestyles, Moore seemed to have a major impact on Joyce and his writing. It is easy to see that Moore’s past in France and interests in philosophy influenced his naturalistic themes and way of writing. Joyce’s work was also influenced by his middle class past and his Catholic background. He wrote with puns ands many symbols; the stream of consciousness was also a major theme in his writing. Both men, James Joyce and George Moore, grew up in Ireland in the Catholic Church. They were educated and both lived in Paris for a while. George Moore was influenced by the French philosophers. They both have many things in common; yet, there are some major differences in their works. Even though their backgrounds are similar, their writing is very unique. Works Cited George Moore. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. 05 Mar. 2009

Kabuo Assumed Guilty Because of Japanese Heritage in Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson :: Snow Falling Cedars David Guterson Essays

Kabuo Assumed Guilty Because of Japanese Heritage in Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson In the novel, Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson, Kabuo Miyamoto is arrested for murder without any substantial evidence. He was charged with a crime he did not commit. He was accused based strictly on his race. Kabuo’s trial was unfair because there was racial conflict with the Japanese following World War II. The racial conflict with Japanese-Americans began when the Empire of Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. On December 7, 1941, the Empire of Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, a military naval base located in the state of Hawaii. â€Å"Behind them they left chaos, 2,403 dead, 188 destroyed planes, and a crippled Pacific Fleet that included 8 damaged or destroyed battleships† (â€Å"Attack† 1). The next day, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared war on the Empire of Japan. The fear that resulted from the attack on Pearl Harbor caused many white Americans to hate the Japanese-Americans. Many Japanese were accused of being spies and were arrested without proof. â€Å"Rabid anti-Japanese American racism surfaced the first days after Pearl Harbor. The FBI and the military had been compiling lists of "potentially dangerous" Japanese Americans since 1932, but most were merely teachers, businessmen or journalists† (Thistlethwaite 1). In February of 1942 , all of the Japanese on the West Coast of the United States were sent to internment camps. Japanese Internment Camps were established to keep an eye on everyone of Japanese decent. The internment camps were based on an order from the President to relocate people with Japanese Heritage. This meant relocating 110,000 Japanese people. â€Å"Two thirds of these people were born in America and were legal citizens, and of the 10 people found to be spying for the Japanese during World War II, not one was of Japanese ancestry† (Friedler 1). Thus, there was no reason for these internment camps, but people do irrational things when driven by fear. In theinternment camps, many of the Japanese became sick or even died because of lack of nourishment in the food provided at these camps. The conditions in the internment camps were awful. One of the internment camps, Manzanar, was located to the west of Desert Valley in California. â€Å"Manzanar barracks measured 120 x 20 feet and were divided into six one-room apartments, ranging in size from 320 to 480 square feet.

Sociology and Economic Prosperity

MULTI TOPIC ESSAY 1. Social problems in our society and crimes in our society. 2. Corruption. 3. Social evils. 4. Nepotism. 5. Smuggling. 6. Over population. 7. Population and poverty. 8. Inflation. 9. Dearness. 10. Drug. 11. Sectarianism. 12. Social and economic problems of Pakistan. 13. Economic crises. 14. Mass illiteracy. 15. Beggary. 16. Drug addiction. 17. Bribery. 18. Dowry. 19. Violence. 20. Despair. 21. Depression. 22. Black marketing. 23. Social and economic crises. 24. Indiscipline. 25. Hoarding. 26. Hypocrisy. 27. Injustice. 28. Road side robbery. 29. Provincialism. 30. Religious violence. 1. Ethic violence. 32. Lack of tolerance. 33. Dis unity. 34. Black biting. 35. Un employment. 36. Terrorism. 37. Lawlessness. 38. Violation of fundamental rights. 39. Feudalism or Feudal Repute. 40. Capitalism. 41. Flattery. 42. Health problems. 43. Freedom of press. 44. Tax exclusion. 45. In sufficient Medical facilities. 46. Crushing border of foreign debt. 47. The devastation of curr ency. 48. Electricity crises. 49. Inflation. 50. Mass illiteracy. OUTLINE. 1. Introduction. 2. The evil impacts and implication of __________. 3. It breeds a lot of social, economic, political and moral problems. . Causes of the _____________. 5. Remedies. 6. Conclusion. __________ has become one of the most embarrassing (tension) and explosive problem all over the world especially in the third world countries like Pakistan. It is full of dangers of devastating dimensions, evil impact, implication of grave and impressive magnitude. ___________ creates instability and demoralization in our nation and in a back flesh it breeds depression and frustration in our society and state. It creates and spreads the feelings of uncertainly and insecurity among the masses. If ________creeps in a society.  Read also  Sociology and Social Integration.It eats into its vitals and soon corrodes its inner strength, outer splendour, economic prosperity, social peace and national unity. Consequently, a nation good image is spoiled all over the world. Lawlessness becomes order of the day indiscipline due to poverty, corruption, violence, indiscipline and mass illiteracy. It creates conflict and confrontation. It is not efficiently and properly and checked the entire indicial Marla and economic fabric of nation is close and collapsed. __________ is highly detriment and devastating for a country like Pakistan that has fragile economic and political instability.If the evil of _________ is not nipped in the bud it may spread rapidly like a bush fire, and may engulf the whole nation or region like an epidemic. __________ has badly shattered the structure of the country. It causes a severe blow to the law of country and supremacy of the constitution is shattered by it. It deprives mass of mental, physical, spiritual, moral and economic prosperity and causes grave concerns for national unity and territorial integrity ________ also paves way for bloody regulations and military take over .So every peace loving person who fervently longs and cherished dreams for peace, prosperity and protection must ponder upon causes of social concern of _________. The main causes of _______ are mass illiteracy, poverty, wrong economic policies of the government, people’s insatiable desire to accumulate countless riches and blind multiplication of worldly whishes. _________ creates irresistible, economic pressure on social and economic justice and gulfs have been increased between the lower and upper class.In a nutshell, mass illiteracy, temptation for ostentation of wealth, lust for power, luxury and comfort are the main causes of ________. Social, religious, linguistic differences also breed conflict and confrontation bias and hatred among the people who in back flesh grow and spread ________. Secondly feudalism, capitalism and unequal distribution of opportunities, un-availability of fundamental rights and liberties spread __________. Thirdly the non-availability of basic necessities and facilities also paves the way to spread _______ in a society or state.External factors like agents or agencies of hostile neighboring state like India and Russia also play a extol role in spreading ________ in the land of our country in order to destabilize the state and depress the people. It should be the basic and paramount concern of the men at the helm of our affairs as well as the scholars, educationists, Political parties, NGO’s and national mass media to take necessary steps at their levels for the eradication of growing penance of _________ in the best national and human inters.

Learning process in behaviour Essay

Learning is a permanent change in behaviour caused by experience. The learner does not need to have the experience directly; we can also learn by observing others . It is an ongoing process. Our knowledge of the world is continually being revised as we are exposed to new stimuli and receiving ongoing feedback that allows us to modify our behaviour when we find ourselves in a similar position again Psychologists who have studied learning have developed advanced therories on the process of learning. Here we will discuss the two major approaches to learning; instrumental and classical conditioning. Classical Conditioning It occurs when a stimulus that elicits a response is paired with another stimulus that initially does not elicit a response on its own. A Russian physiologist , Pavlov introduced classically conditioned learning by pairing a neutral stimulus ( a bell ) with a stimulus known to cause a salivation to dogs ( he squirted dry meat powder). The powder was an unconditioned stimulus because it was capable of causing the response. Over time, the dog has learned to associate the bell with its meat powder and begin to salivate at the sound of the bell only. The drooling of these canine consumers because of a sound now has a linked to feeding time, was a conditioned response ( CR ). This basic of classical conditioning applies to responses controlled by the autonomic and nervous systems. When these cues are consistently paired with a conditioned stimuli such as brand names, we as consumers may feel hungry, thirsty or aroused when later exposed to brand cues. Conditioning effects are more likely to occur after the (CS) conditioned and  unconditioned ( UCS ) stimuli have been paired a number of times. Repeated exposures increases the strength of stimulus-response associations and prevent the decay of these associations in memory. Many marketing strategies focus on the establishment of associations between stimuli and responses. Behavioural learning principal applies to many consumer phenomena, ranging from the creation of a distinctive brand image to the perceived linkage between a product and an underlying need. The transfer of meaning from an unconditioned stiulus to a conditioned stimulus explains why made-up brands like Marlboro, Coca-Cola or IBM can exert such powerful effects on consumers. Operant conditioning Over the years behaviourist have carried out operant principals out of the narrow world of the skinner box and into the wider room of society. The use of the operant techniques to help people change unwanted, dangerous, or self-defeating habits in real world settings is called behaviour modification ( applied behaviour analysis ) Behaviour modification has had enormous success, behaviorist have taught parents to toilet train their children in only a few sessions etc. as you can see from everyday world behaviour modificaton is not a science but an art. Operant Conditioning : process of applying the law of effect to control behaviour by manipulating its consequences. Law of effect: behaviour followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated; behaviour followed by unpleasant consequences is not 4 basic reinforcement strategies is use in operant conditioning; – positive reinforcement -negative reinforcement -punishment -extinction Positive reinforcement : the process by which people learn to perform acts leading to such desirable outcomes. Whatever behaviour led to the positive outcome is likely to occur again, thereby strengthening that behaviour by making a pleasant consequences contingent onto its occurrence. Negative reinforcement: Negative reinforcement is the process by which people learn to perform acts that lead to removal of undesired events or unpleasant consequence contingent onto its occurrence. Punishment: administrating of negative consequences or withdrawal of positive consequences that tend to reduce the likelihood of repeating the behaviour in similar settings Extinction: ceasation of previously established reinforcer that is maintaining a behaviour by removal of a pleasant consequence of its occurrence. Positive reinforcement can take many forms. One of the strongest is praise and recognition for the good work. It is good rewards management. It shifts the emphasis and energy of the manger towards a larger number of employees, rather than focus all the attention and time on poorer employees. If done correctly it can make all but the worst employees feel that the organization recognizes and appreciates their effort and contributions. If the desired behaviour is specific in nature and is difficult to achieve , a pattern if positive reinforcement called shaping can be used. Shaping is the creation of a new behaviour by the positive reinforcement of successive approximations leading to the desired behaviour. Negative reinforcement governs a good deal of our behaviour. Some people do  think that it is a reasonable way to manage people at work that is, employees who engage in undesirable behaviour should expect something to happen to them. But there are some difficulties with this approach. First it creates a tens environment ( difficult to work everyday where the main motivation is to prevent unpleasant outcomes ) secondly, relationships often deteriorates when superiors represent a constant threat to be avoided. There can be adverse side effects in using punishment. – An action intended to punish may instead be reinforcing because it brings attention -the recepient of punishment often responds with anxiety ,fear or rage -the effectiveness of punishment is often temporay, depending heavily on the presense of the punishing person or circumstances -most misbehaviours is hard to punish immediately thus resutingin the reinforcement of the undesired behaviour -punishment conveys little info Extinction is important and quite commonly used. This strategy decreases the frequency of or weakens the behaviour . The behaviour is not â€Å"unlearned†; it simply is not exhibited. Since the behaviour is no longer reinforced, it will reappear when it is reinforced again. Whereas positive reinforcement seeks to establish and maintain desirable work behaviour, extinction on the other hand is intended to weaken and eliminate the undesirable behaviour Law of contingent reinforcement states for reward to have the maximum reinforcing value ; it must be delivered only if the desired behaviour is exhibited . Secondly, the law of immediate reinforcement states , the more immediate the delivery of a reward after the occurence of a desirable behaviour, the greater the reinforcing value of the reward. Timing of postiove reinforcement; a) the continuous reiforcemnt schedule administers a reqrd each tie a desired behaviour occurs b) b) an intermittent or patila reinforcement schedule rewars a behaviour only periodically. – 4 varieties of partial reinforcement schedule – a) Fixed interval schedules b)Variable interval schedules c)Fixed ratio schedules c) Variable ratio schedules In general , a mange can expect that the continuous reinforcement will draw a desired behaviour more quickly than will intermittent reinforcement Steps in positive reinforcement program; @identify specific behaviour that are to be changed; must be accurate and reliably observed and then recorded. Behaviour should be measurable and observable. @ determine the links between the target behaviour, its consequences and stimulus condition leading to the beaviour) @develop and set specific behaviour goals for each person and target behaviours @recording process toward the goal @apply appropriate consequences; rewards, punsihmnets,extinction

Strokes essays

Strokes essays Stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death in the United States today, following cardiovascular disease and cancer. It is also the leading cause of disability in this area as well. There are four types of strokes: cerebral embolism, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. A clot in the blood vessel carrying blood to the brain causes stroke. Another name for this is an embolism. It can be caused by a thrombus or another particle. As a result, part of the brain doesnt get enough oxygen. Nerve cells are unable to work, and die. This causes the part of the body controlled by that side of the brain to not function properly. It causes permanent damage because those brain cells cant be replaced. This is the reason why many are paralyzed for life. Stroke can occur without any warning. However, a headache may arise, especially in the case of both kinds of hemorrhages. Symptoms are also based on which part of the brain is affected by the blood clot. In every person, symptoms vary because the brain differs between every person. Other symptoms that may occur before a stroke are numbness, loss of sight in one or both eyes, and dizziness. After a stroke, a variety of outcomes can occur. It all depends on how quickly the person is taken care of and how quickly the clot is removed. Some results can be minor such as only paralysis of only one part of ones body. However, it could be a lot more serious such as paralysis of one whole side of the body, and even death. Therefore, the quicker someone receives emergency help, the lesser permanent damage he will acquire. But, patients will be able to recover partially as other parts of the brain take over the damaged parts. There are many risk factors that can increase the risk of stroke in any person. Some of these factors are hypertension and smoking. Hypertension, however, is a major ...

Metaanalysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Metaanalysis - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that  Meta-analysis is the quantitative section of a systematic review. It is the end result of combining the statistical results of multiple studies in order to get a weighted average effect of the intervention under consideration. The studies that provide more information will give more weight, the larger the sample size the more weight it will provide. Usually, the average effect across trials is reported as an overall summary point estimate and an estimate of its precision as reflected in the width of the confidence interval.  As the essay highlights  a well-conducted systematic review and Meta-analysis can help us keep up-to-date. High-quality systematic review can define the boundaries of what is known and what is not known and helps us not to omit what has already been proven. Medical practitioners are therefore aided in determining solutions for specific clinical hurdles through analysis of inconsistencies among diverse pieces of research evidence. This is done by summarizing existing data, refining hypotheses, estimating sample size and providing a definition for future research agendas. Without them, researchers risk missing and therefore omitting promising leads in their quest for problem solution or they may incur redundancy through embarking on studies of questions that have been already answered.  Meta-analysis utilizes the quantitative combination of outcomes from several undertaken studies to create more precise, powerful and convincing conclusions.

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Business Plan - Essay Example In the global market, computer and mobile demand has grown higher while in the local market, the demand is reducing. The Europe market has portrayed a more friendly environment and the hope for business development. Competitive analysis Being a new company in the market, Webcore has experienced a lot of competition from companies that sell computing products. The main competitors in the market include dominant companies such as Global Business Machines, Micro-Tech and Advance technology. The main strength of these companies is that they enjoy a good reputation for having built their name of the years. In addition, the companies have more than five products while Webcore has only two products. The ability of these companies to differentiate in the market have given them an advantage over Webcore. However, just like any other companies they are already feeling the pressure of competition within the market. However, while Webcore still has the opportunity to grow, these companies have r eached their optimal stage of the business cycle and are in verge of entering business recession. Webcore has the opportunity to penetrate deeper into both the local and international market, and to launch new products in the industry (Rhonda, 2003). The threat that exist in the market is the high number of new companies that they are entering the market and more expected in this financial year. Target Market and Customers Webcore has laid plans to satisfy its short term goals by expanding its market segment and creating new distribution channels. To extend its geographical scope, the company is going to establish a new branch in California to target the growing demands of computers in this city. In New York, there are plans to open new distribution channels in this city to target the high demand for Pro-book computers in this city among the middle level customers (Rhonda, 2003). Plans are underway to establish partnership with Whole Stock distributors in New York to develop a new c hannel for its products. It is expected that this move will optimize the sales in this country and hence increase the company marginal profit. Secondly, the company is establishing an on-line selling platform where customers can register as members and order their products on-line. Product or Service Line Currently, the company two main products include Webcore Pro and Webcore pro-book. The company intends to differentiate by investing in non-computing products whose demand is growing in the market. With introduction of printers and mobile phones in the market, the company aims at attracting satisfying the demand for these products that seems to grow each year. At the same time, the company intends to increase its production of Webcore Pro computers that seem to be attracting more customers into the business as compared to the Pro-book. Advertising Plan Webcore has laid strategies to roll out its products by investing $1000 in advertisement in the television media and newspaper. The expectation of this program is that the public will become aware of the products and services that Webcore will be offering during this financial quarter. The company advertisement will appear on the newspaper at least twice every week to allow and each day on all television service providers. By ensuring the public are aware of the products, the company will expect more buyers this year than any other years when little advertisement was evident (Rhonda,